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The definition of absorbing material: Absorbing material refers to the ability to convert electromagnetic waves projected onto its surface into thermal energy or other forms of energy through dielectric loss.
This leads to two basic conditions for absorbing materials:
1. The incident electromagnetic waves should enter the interior of the material to the maximum extent possible, rather than being reflected on its surface, in order to meet the impedance matching of the material;
2. The electromagnetic waves entering the interior of the material are almost completely attenuated, known as attenuation matching.
When the incident wave reaches the surface of the material, a portion of it will be reflected away, and only the electromagnetic wave that enters the interior of the material may be attenuated. Therefore, good absorbing materials hardly reflect electromagnetic waves, but absorb them internally and completely attenuate them. To achieve the goal of "closing the door" on electromagnetic waves, materials must meet the two basic conditions mentioned above very well. These two basic conditions have almost become the guiding principles for scientists to design absorbing materials.
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